In the DCL technology, coal is converted to liquid by adding hydrogen at high pressure and temperature. Various DCL technologies have been developed in last hundred years such as Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)I and SRCII, Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS), HCoal and catalytic twostage liquefaction (CTSL) [7], [8], [9], [10].
Introduction. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL), invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913 [1], encompasses the catalytic conversion of coal by hydrogen and high temperatures in presence of a solvent and was used to produce transportation fuels on a commercial scale in the first half of the past century especially in Germany and Great Britain [2], [3], [4].
A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a catalyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily ... A kinetic model for the liquefaction processes based on these observations is introduced. ... Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. https://doi ...
The direct coal liquidation is a technology for the clean conversion of coal into light fuel oil and high valueadded chemical products. ... (CoaltoLiquid) [30, 35] and biomass (Biomassto ...
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. Burgess Clifford C., SongC., in Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel ... It is anticipated that in future thermal conversion will play an increasingly important role for biomass, coal and organic waste conversion. The topic of direct coal liquefaction was ...
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion C. B. Clifford Chunshan Song Chemistry 2011 Abstract: This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated,. Expand 4
catalyst in the DCL of Shenhua coal at 400 °C. and MPa H. 2. resulted in a coal conversion and (gas + oil) yield, up to % and %, respectively, much higher than those obtained with FeS ...
The liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials, which is known as "Coliquefaction", has not been developed in Malaysia. The yields and quality (especially H/C ratio) of the liquid products obtained from coal under less severe liquefaction conditions (at lower temperature and pressure) can be improved with coliquefaction of coal ...
Other thermochemical conversion technologies are under development for coprocessing biomass and fossil fuels. During the coliquefaction of coal with biomass, lower liquefaction temperature of coal and higher liquid products yield than those predicted by mathematic models are obtained as a result of the synergetic effect.
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion
The results showed the price of coal had a more dominant effect on RSP than that of biomass. Different mix ratios and conversion rates led to RSP ranging from /bbl. LCA results indicated that GHG emissions ranged from kg CO2 eq to kg CO 2 eq/1000 MJ of liquid fuel at various biomass to coal mix ratios and ...
To improve the performance of megaton direct coal liquefaction (DCL) technology that has been practiced in China since 2008 and to develop a better technology that can be operated at milder conditions with high efficiency, this work studies coal conversion (X C), products yield (Y i) and hydrogen consumption (R H) of SW coal (H/C = ) used in the megaton plant and NMH coal of a higher H/C ...
How DCL differs from XTL. The principal alternative to XTL is direct coal liquefaction (DCL), which is the conversion of coal to liquids without the intervening step of producing synthesis gas. The primary DCL technology is hydroliquefaction, the reaction of coal with hydrogen and/or a hydrogendonor solvent, usually in the presence of a catalyst.
Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
There remains an important need for economical coal and biomass to liquids conversion processes with reduced carbon dioxide emissions and efficient use of carbon resources. ... 1—CO 2 carbon capture and conversion to a biological material such as algae; 2—direct coal liquefaction (DCL); 3—indirect conversion of biomass and/or coal to ...
ICL includes two steps; in the first step, coal is converted into syngas ( Coal+H2OCO+H2), and during the last step, syngas is synthesized in the presence of a catalyst into liquid fuels.
The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for catalytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 catalyst ...
A mechanistic numerical model for coal liquefaction involving hydrogenolysis of strong bonds. Rationalization of interactive effects of solvent aromaticity and hydrogen pressure ... Hydrogen Transfer in the Formation and Destruction of Retrograde Products in Coal Conversion. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2006, 110 (21) ... (DCL) processes ...
Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
Keywords: direct coal liquefaction (DCL); processes; influencing factors; coal pretreatment; catalysts; coliquefaction; biomass 1. Introduction Due to the rapid increase in demand for petroleum and its declining reserves, the concern over energy security has intensified the interest in coal liquefaction, especially for those countries which are
Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Source: Headwaters. Click to enlarge. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a singlesource solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. The two companies will combine their technologies and...
Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a promising technology to convert coal into oil, especially for countries where coals dominate fossil energy resources [1]. ... Coal utilization processes and their application to waste recycling and biomass conversion. Fuel (1994) Wang et al. ... were prepared by a solidstate insitu impregnation and ...
The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
Since direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was invented, it has been a promising technology for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the mitigation of the oil crisis. ... on coal and biomass structure and examines the matching relationship between hydrothermal pretreatment and the thermal conversion process. The relationships between ...
Coal to liquid technology includes direct coal liquefaction (DCL), indirect coal liquefaction (ICL), coal to methanol to gasoline (CTMTG), and coal tar hydrogenation (CTH) (Xie, 2021; Zhang et al ...
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing ... [18], [19]. In addition, utilization of biomass in the DCL process can reduce the external hydrogen demand in ... the carbon footprint of the energy conversion processes can be reduced by adding biomass and applying CCS technologies at the ...
Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
As the cost of production is a key determinant of longterm viability, developing methods that reduce the cost of direct coal liquefaction has posed a challenge to scientists and industrial organizations worldwide. This paper summarizes recent developments in technology and processes and explores the overall economic competitiveness of direct coal liquefaction using the China Shenhua Group ...
Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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